Posted By : Ashley D'souza
History of Bombay under Portuguese Rule (1534–1661) – 127 yrs
The Maratha Empire formally existed from 1674 with the coronation of Chhatrapati Shivaji and ended in 1818 with the defeat of Peshwa Bajirao II Maratha Empire ruled in India for 144 years
Marathas attacked Portuguese in Bombay in the year 1739
On 18 January 1665, King Charles granted Humphrey Cooke took the possession of Bombay. However, Salsette, Mazagaon, Parel, Worli, Sion, Dharavi, and Wadala still remained under Portuguese possession. Later, Cooke managed to acquire Mahim, Sion, Dharavi, and Wadala for the English
East India Company officially managed Bombay from 1757 to 1858 - 101 yrs
British Crown from 1858 to 1947 - 89 yrs
The 282-year-long period of the British & East Indian Company Rule in Bombay ended after India's Independence in 1947.
The East Indians were converted to Christianity four centuries ago by ‘Portuguese Missionaries’ who according to the custom of the time gave them Portuguese names, and they are Roman Catholic in religion. According to the Government Gazetteer of the Thana District they are descendants of the converts first made by the Franciscans, and notably Antonio do Porto (1535-1548), who, principally in Bandra converted 5000 persons and afterwards by the Jesuits under St.Francis Xavier (1506 - 1552) and his successors.
The East Indians are the earliest subjects of the British Crown in this country in as much as Bombay by its cession in 1661 was the first foothold the British acquired in India. East Indians" differ because they are the descendants of Europeans and native mothers
AMISH - The Amish are a Group of Traditionalist Christian Church Fellowship
The Amish Pennsylvania German: Amisch, German: Amische) are a group of traditionalist Christian church fellowships with Swiss German Anabaptist origins. They are closely related to, but distinct from, Mennonite churches. The Amish are known for simple living, plain dress, and reluctance to adopt many conveniences of modern technology.
The Amish were never their own independent state (Almost all are descended from German/Swiss immigrants)
The history of the Amish church began with a schism in Switzerland within a group of Swiss and Alsatian Anabaptists in 1693 led by Jakob Ammann. Those who followed Ammann became known as Amish. In the second half of the 19th century, the Amish divided into Old Order Amish and Amish Mennonites. The latter mostly assimilated into the main society during the 20th century, whereas the Old Order Amish retained much of their traditional culture. When it is spoken of Amish today, normally only the Old Order Amish are meant.
Amish lifestyle is regulated by the Ordnung ("order"), which differs slightly from community to community, and, within a community, from district to district. What is acceptable in one community may not be acceptable in another. It is agreed upon within the community by the elders prior to the annual Communion. These include matters such as dress, permissible uses of technology, religious duties, and rules regarding interaction with outsiders. These elders are generally men.
Bearing children, raising them, and socializing with neighbors and relatives are the greatest functions of the Amish family. Amish typically believe that large families with 8 to 9 kids and grandparents live in the same houses They believe Children are a blessing from God . Community is central to the Amish way of life .
The Amish do not usually educate their children past the eighth grade, believing that the basic knowledge offered up to that point is sufficient to prepare one for the Amish lifestyle. Almost no Amish go to high school and college. In many communities,
Working hard is considered godly, and some technological advancements have been considered undesirable because they reduce the need for hard work.
Amish cuisine is noted for its simplicity and traditional qualities. Food plays an important part in Amish social life and is served at potlucks, weddings, fundraisers, farewells, and other events
Amish foods sold at markets including pies, preserves, bread mixes, pickled produce, desserts, and canned goods.
Beginning with the Mayor’s Court Established in 1727 for civil Litigation in Bombay Calcutta and Madras justice in the interior comes under the East Indian Company’s Jurisdiction , Future generation of East Indians will take to practice of law and many of them will rise to position of Esteem and distinction as solicitors , lawyers and Judges
A visit to typical Amish Village today shows a striking resemblance with the East Indians way Of Life in terms of Household Utensils and Accessories
The most popular of all attire is the LUGRA worn by East Indian women. It is no different from a Saree. It is only its fabric design and the way its worn that sets it apart. The lugra is available in a range of colors, however the two most popular colors of a lugra are a red and blue. Regardless of the color, it is important to note that the fabric is a chequered design with gold or complimenting border work.
Gol Nesane, a cylindrical style, is popular with young girls and women.
Traditional dress for men are khaki shorts and a white banian Or Surkas
Furniture’s during the Portuguese & British era time . It is generally known as being made of 100% wood, usually without particle board or laminate.
Another Echo of the East Indians Culture is The Amish Tradition of Quilt Making , Where Women meet in groups to gather for a Quilting Bee , The Bee is a form of Socialzation and Relaxation for these women , Webster’s definition of the BEE is an assembly of ladies to Sew for the Poor
In East Indian Households Quilt Making or GODRIS as we call it has also been an Art practiced over generations , Pieces of left over cloth from dresses sewn at home or cold clothes , Are recycled and put together to form a quilt , Smaller pieces of cloth are used as Bharan or filling so that the quilt is thick and can also be used as a comforter .
Yes the Val was stitched by attaching the two selvedge edges I remember my Granny used to make that " Kanta" - centre lines 4, or 5 lines on the two selvedge edges and joined Tog - it took long hours labour's job no doubt but it's beauty no lace can match it not even crochet work or the ready made lace. The Val was worn by folding or by overlapping one corner end leave the other and hold the third corner end and was then placed over the head covering the forehead an then pinned below the chin leaving only the face open. Where is all that gone.
Even the Paan or Chundri very few wear it. We remember the lugriwala kilometers from Mahim during noon time and went from door to door selling the lugras the cotton and Jaari ones and even if you had no money to pay he would come month after month to collect whatever even Rs.10 or Rs.50 and happily go, never a word to say why only so much or pay next month. Such was the trust and honesty. Our parents didn't go to work as they only cultivated vegegetables. like ghosala, sheer-ghosala, parwal, pumpkin, brinjal, papri, ghevra, etc.marigold flowers for Toran during Dasera/ Diwali.
Then we collected shells/shimpies from the sea and stitched quilts. We recited Rosary at the Cross every month of May. There was no TV only the radios where we could put up song requests for birthdays. Each family was so huge. We had to rear pigs, ducks, hens, etc.etc.
As time has passed, the East Indian Community have felt pressures from the modern world. Issues such as taxation, education, law and its enforcement, and occasional discrimination and hostility are areas of difficulty.
Lives there a man with soul so dead,
Who never to himself has said,
This is my own my native land?
If such there breathe, go mark him well,
For him no minstrel raptures swell;
High though his titles, proud his name,
Boundless his wealth as wish can claim,
Despite these titles, power and pelf,
The wretch concentrated all in self,
Living shall forfeit all fair renown
And doubly dying shall go down
To the wile earth from which he sprung
Unwept, unhonoured and unsung.
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